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For example, the SHA-256 of the term BUTTERFLY (origin ) is 8c62ace4f9ef8ccd08ca6fb992a8524bb7dbdc0530654bd254c9da07a660949a (HASH). This seemingly random string of letters and numbers has three important properties:
Bitcoin mining involves three factors: the block, the mining issue and a random number. Heres how it all comes together:
Imagine our cube consists of the word BUTTERFLY discussed earlier. In fact, the cube would contain a list of recent, unverified transactions, but lets keep it simple. In order for the block to be solved, bitcoin uses a simple test: If the HASH result of the block begins with a certain number of zeros, the block is considered confirmed.
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For instance, lets say that we have a mining problem of just two, ie, our HASH must begin with two zeros. .
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The difficulty: BUTTERFLY will return the exact same HASH, and it doesnt begin with two zeros. Thus what we need is the third factor, a random number (known as a NONCE). We take this number, combine it with BUTTERFLY, and HASH again. If it doesnt begin with two zeros, we change the number and try again, and since changing one little number changes the entire HASH outcome, there's absolutely no method to forecast the number well need to solve this! .
We repeat this procedure over and over until we find a number that, when combined with BUTTERFLY, provides us a HASH that begins with two zeros. That number is your solution to the block. Here are some attempts:
This arduous procedure of randomly trying to find a number that supplies the solution is what makes bitcoin mining such a computationally expensive process, and as more miners join the network, the harder it gets. At November 2017, a regular home computer working alone, ie, not an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and not part of a cloud mining network, would take 2.7 million years to mine one block. .
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CPU mining. In the first days of bitcoin, mining issue was reduced and not a lot of miners were competing for blocks and rewards. This made it worthwhile to utilize your computers own central processing unit (CPU) to mine bitcoin. However, that approach was soon replaced by GPU mining.
FPGA mining. Next came mining with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). These significantly outperformed GPUs and CPUs in the mining procedure as FPGAs are chips that can be programmed to execute specific instructions and only those instructions (instead of being repurposed for mining, like GPUs were).
ASIC mining. Similar to FPGAs, application-specific integrated circuits are chips designed for a specific purpose, in our case mining bitcoin, and nothing else. ASICs for bitcoin were introduced in 2013 and, as of November 2017, they are the best processors available for mining bitcoin and they outperform FPGAs in electricity consumption. .
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Mining pools. To cancel the difficulty of mining a block, miners started organising in pools or cloud mining networks. Whenever a miner in one of these pools solves a block, the payoff is shared with everyone in the pool in a ratio representative of how much work you put into the swimming pool (even though you personally never solved the mystery ). .
Cloud mining. Clouds offer prospective miners the ability to buy mining channels in a remote data centre location. There are many obvious advantages, the most obvious beingno electricity costs, no extra heat and nothing to sell when you opt to hang your virtual pickaxe.
Once miners receive bitcoin, they are given a digital key to the bitcoin addresses. You can use this digital key to access and confirm or approve transactions.
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Desktop pockets. Software like Bitcoin Core allows you to send and store bitcoin addresses and also connects to the network to track transactions.
Online wallets. Bitcoin keys are stored online by exchange platforms like Coinbase or Circle and can be accessed from anywhere.
Mobile wallets. Programs like Blockchain shop and encrypt your own bitcoin keys so you can make payments using your mobile device.
Paper wallets. Some websites offer paper wallet solutions, generating a bit of paper using just two QR codes on it. One code is the public address at which you receive bitcoin and the other one is the personal address you can use for spending.